Activité 1 Activité 2 Activité 3 Activité 4 Activité 5 Activité 6
Activité 1 • Utiliser le contexte
Quand vous lisez un texte en anglais, vous y trouvez nécessairement une certaine proportion de mots inconnus. Évitez de vous jeter sur le dictionnaire sans réfléchir d’abord : vous risquez de vous perdre dans les différentes catégorie grammaticales et les différents sens du mot. Utilisez le contexte, c’est-à-dire ce qui entoure le mot inconnu qui n’apparaît jamais seul, mais dans un groupe de mots, une phrase, etc.
Si vous ne connaissez pas le mot anglais bash, il vous est impossible de faire quelconque hypothèse sur son sens lorsque bash est pris isolément.
Si vous voyez a bash, vous voyez que ce mot est précédé d’un article, c’est donc un nom. Votre déduction s’exerce ici grâce à un indice grammatical qui précède le mot inconnu. Si vous aviez lu to bash, vous auriez pensé qu’il s’agissait peut-être d’un verbe : il faut donc également utiliser la forme du mot inconnu, afin d’identifier la nature grammaticale du mot : to peut être la marque d’un infinitif, ou une préposition marquant la direction.
They’re going to a bash : utilisez le même raisonnement que les mots qui entourent le mot bash. Ici, le verbe go to indique qu’il s’agit d’un lieu ou d’un événement.
Tomorrow night, we’re going to a bash : le sujet we indique qu’il s’agit de quelque chose qui est proche de nous.
Tomorrow night, we’re going to a bash at Judy’s and I’m sure we’ll have a great time ! Cette dernière phrase vous permet de formuler des hypothèses beaucoup plus précises. Où pouvons-nous aller demain chez une amie, en étant sûrs de nous amuser ?
Écrivez au moins une proposition, et vérifiez-la avec votre dictionnaire.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Que vous indique le dictionnaire en plus ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Dans chaque phrase, faites des hypothèses sur le sens du mot en gras en utilisant le contexte.
swindler :
soothingly :
turnips :
queasy
drizzling :
Activité 2 • Mots transparents et faux amis
On les appelle cognates en anglais : vous croyez les connaître parce qu’ils ressemblent à des mots français que vous connaissez, alors que leur sens est différent. N’hésitez pas à vérifier dans le dictionnaire !
|
Mot-anglais |
Sens |
Faux ami |
Traduction anglaise |
|
a. refuse (nom) |
refus |
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b. agenda |
agenda |
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c. library |
librairie |
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d. current (adj) |
courant |
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e. lecture |
lecture |
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f. actual |
actuel |
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g. location |
location |
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h. fortunate |
fortuné |
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i. hazard |
hasard |
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j. to achieve |
achever |
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k. to prevent |
prévenir |
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l. extra |
extra |
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m. parking ticket |
ticket de parking |
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n. polo neck |
col polo |
Activité 3 • Les mots à sens multiples
En anglais comme en français, il est fréquent qu’un seul mot ait plusieurs sens. Pour chaque phrase, cherchez le mot souligné dans votre dictionnaire et indiquez la traduction correspondant au sens.
Note : la prononciation de wind n’est pas la même dans les deux cas. Savez-vous faire la différence ?
Activité 4 • Les mots abrégés, les tournures familières
Voici la transcription de l’interview d’une jeune fille qui parle de son nouvel emploi.
(Réponses sur papier libre.)
Bruce : I’m here to see Candi McIntyre.
Candi : I’m Candi McIntyre. What can I do for you ?
Bruce : My name’s Bruce Jamieson. I called you about an interview on your change in careers. Would you have a sec to talk about it now ?
Candi : Oh sure. I’m sorry. I’d forgotten that you were coming. Can I get you a coffee while we talk ?
Bruce : Decaf, please, if you have it.
Candi : Coming right up.
Bruce : Now, you used to be a model, didn’t you ?
Candi : Well, no, not exactly. I used to be a photograper for this mag in New York, taking pix for ads but sometimes I moonlight modeling.
Bruce : Did you work solo or did you have an agent ?
Candi : No, I didn’t have an agent. I just know a lot of photographers who would call me from time to time, especially a guy called Champ. And he was a champ. At taking photos I mean.
Bruce : Do you still model now ?
Candi : No, I quit all that. I left New York and moved to California, bought a condo, a real comfy place, and now I’m writing about the movie industry, you know, show-biz and all that. I’m working for a new mag called Schizo. It’s an appropiate name for California, don’t you think ?
Bruce : You can say that again !
Candi : This new job comes with lots of perks, like a car, tickets to all the movie premieres, parties, contact with the bigwigs of the movie industry. And I don’t have to do all that prep anymore. I just make an appearance at a party, keep my eyes open, and dit down with my laptop the next day.
Bruce : So you’ve adopted the pen name Sis since you started writing. Why that name ?
Candi : Oh, just to throw them for a loop. It’s not exactly what you would expect in a place like this. Besides, you never know what the fans will do, try to look you up or something, follow you around. Some people are a bit psycho, you know what I mean ?
Bruce : Yeah, I do. You see a slew of stories in the paper these days. So, do you still play the sax ?
Candi : Not much. No time. I played a few gigs back in New York, but it’s just not the same here. People take things so seriously. You can’t have any fun. You can’t relax and be yourself. It’s a drag.
a. DIY in a shop selling tools in a shop selling food in a shop selling toys
b. DJ on TV on a CD on the radio
c. DTP in a gift catalogue in a software catalogue in a book catalogue
d.NHS at the hospital at the bank at the supermarket
e. NSW in an advert in a maths book on a map
f. IRA in India in Indonesia in Ireland
g. NBA on a diamond on a basketball pitch on a tennis court
h. ATM at the bank at the shops at the newsagent’s
i. MP in the House of Commons in the Senate In the House of Representatives
j. CEO in the exercise room in the boardroom in the living room
k. VCR in the sitting room in the kitchen in the toilet
1. IOU someone who owes money an athlete a dentist
2. BYO a restaurant owner a rugby player a shopper
3. wpm a secretary a nurse’s aide a musician
4. mph a teacher an engineer a driver
5. mpg a lorry driver a boxer a nurse
6. asap someone on holiday someone in a hurry someone at home
7. BBQ a cook a barber a dancer
8. NATO a singer a child a diplomat
Activité 6 • Les interjection et onomatopées
1. Connaissez-vous les interjections les plus utilisées en anglais ? Associez les interjections en français (à gauche) avec leurs équivalents en anglais (à droite). Reportez-vous au dictionnaire.
| a - aïe | 1 - ouch ! |
| b - hein ? | 2 - phew ! |
| c - sensass ! | 3 - yoo-hoo |
| d - berk ! | 4 - whew ! |
| e - ouf ! | 5 - yuck ! |
| f - pouah ! | 6 - huh ? |
| g - ohé ! | 7 - wow ! |
2. Maintenant, compétez les phrases avec l’interjection qui convient.
| a - moo | |
| b - miaow ! | |
| c - cock-a-doodle-doo | |
| d - baa ! | |
| e - woof, woof ! | |
| f - hee-haw | |
| g - oink ! oink ! | |
| h - cluck | |
| i - quack, quack ! | |
| j - tweet, tweet ! | |
| k - buzz |
4. Associez les sons avec ce qui les produit.
| a - patter | |
| b - bang | |
| c - snap | |
| d - clap | |
| e - crash | |
| f - ha, ha, ha ! | |
| g - clip clop | |
| h - gulp ! | |
| i - rat-a-tat-tat | |
| j - creak | |
| k - whoosh ! |
CORRECTION
Activité 1 • Utiliser le contexte
Tomorrow night, we’re going to a bash at Judy’s and I’m sure we’ll have a great time ! Hypothèse précise (aller demain chez une amie, en étant sûr de s'amuser) : party.
Que vous indique le dictionnaire en plus ?
(Il s'agit d'un mot un peu démodé : la phrase est sans doute prononcée par quelqu'un de relativement âgé).
Dans chaque phrase, faites des hypothèses sur le sens du mot en gras en utilisant le contexte.
swindler :
soothingly :
turnips :
queasy
drizzling :
Activité 2 • Mots transparents et faux amis
|
Mot-anglais |
Sens |
Faux ami |
Traduction anglaise |
|
a. refuse (nom) |
déchets |
refus |
refusal |
|
b. agenda |
ordre du jour |
agenda |
diary |
|
c. library |
bibliothèque |
librairie |
bookshop |
|
d. current (adj) |
actuel |
courant |
common |
|
e. lecture |
conférence |
lecture |
reading |
|
f. actual |
réel |
actuel |
present |
|
g. location |
emplacement |
location |
renting |
|
h. fortunate |
chanceux |
fortuné |
wealthy |
|
i. hazard |
danger |
hasard |
chance |
|
j. to achieve |
réaliser |
achever |
to complete |
|
k. to prevent |
empêcher |
prévenir |
to warn |
|
l. extra |
supplémentaire |
extra |
first-rate |
|
m. parking ticket |
contravention |
ticket de parking |
car park ticket |
|
n. polo neck |
col roulé |
col polo |
polo |
| a- Tennisman | a tennis player |
| b - Footing | jogging |
| c - Parking | car park |
| d - Rocker | rock musician/singer |
| e - Basket | basketball |
| f - un polo | a polo shirt |
| f - un lifting | a face lift |
Activité 3 • Les mots à sens multiples
Note : la prononciation de wind n’est pas la même dans les deux cas. Savez-vous faire la différence ?
Activité 4 • Les mots abrégés, les tournures familières
Bruce : I’m here to see Candi McIntyre.
Candi : I’m Candi McIntyre. What can I do for you ?
Bruce : My name’s Bruce Jamieson. I called you about an interview on your change in careers. Would you have a sec second to talk about it now ?
Candi : Oh sure. I’m sorry. I’d forgotten that you were coming. Can I get you a coffee while we talk ?
Bruce : Decaf decaffeinated (coffee) , please, if you have it.
Candi : Coming right up.
Bruce : Now, you used to be a model, didn’t you ?
Candi : Well, no, not exactly. I used to be a photograper for this mag magazine in New York, taking pix pictures for ads advertisement but sometimes I moonlight modeling.
Bruce : Did you work solo or did you have an agent ?
Candi : No, I didn’t have an agent. I just know a lot of photographers who would call me from time to time, especially a guy called Champ. And he was a champ. champion At taking photos photographs I mean.
Bruce : Do you still model now ?
Candi : No, I quit all that. I left New York and moved to California, bought a condo, condominium a real comfy comfortable place, and now I’m writing about the movie industry, you know, show-biz show-business and all that. I’m working for a new mag called Schizo. Schizophrenic. It’s an appropiate name for California, don’t you think ?
Bruce : You can say that again !
Candi : This new job comes with lots of perks, like a car, tickets to all the movie premieres, parties, contact with the bigwigs of the movie industry. And I don’t have to do all that prep preparation anymore. I just make an appearance at a party, keep my eyes open, and dit down with my laptop the next day.
Bruce : So you’ve adopted the pen name Sis sister since you started writing. Why that name ?
Candi : Oh, just to throw them for a loop. It’s not exactly what you would expect in a place like this. Besides, you never know what the fans will do, try to look you up or something, follow you around. Some people are a bit psycho, psychotic you know what I mean ?
Bruce : Yeah, I do. You see a slew of stories in the paper these days. So, do you still play the sax saxophone ?
Candi : Not much. No time. I played a few gigs back in New York, but it’s just not the same here. People take things so seriously. You can’t have any fun. You can’t relax and be yourself. It’s a drag.
a. DIY in a shop selling tools ; do-it- yourself in a shop selling food in a shop selling toys
b. DJ on TV on a CD on the radio ; disc jockey
c. DTP in a gift catalogue in a software catalogue ; desktop publishing in a book catalogue
d.NHS at the hospital ; National Health Service at the bank at the supermarket
e. NSW in an advert in a maths book on a map ; New South Wales (Australia)
f. IRA in India in Indonesia in Ireland ; Irish Republican Army
g. NBA on a diamond on a basketball pitch ; National Basketball Association on a tennis court
h. ATM at the bank ; Automated Teller Machine at the shops at the newsagent’s
i. MP in the House of Commons ; Member of Parliament in the Senate In the House of Representatives
j. CEO in the exercise room in the boardroom ; Chief Executive Officer in the living room
k. VCR in the sitting room ; Video cassette recorder in the kitchen in the toilet
1. IOU someone who owes money ; I owe you an athlete a dentist
2. BYO a restaurant owner ; bring your own a rugby player a shopper
3. wpm a secretary ; words per minute a nurse’s aide a musician
4. mph a teacher an engineer a driver ; miles per hour
5. mpg a lorry driver ; miles per gallon a boxer a nurse
6. asap someone on holiday someone in a hurry ; as soon as possible someone at home
7. BBQ a cook ; barbecue a barber a dancer
8. NATO a singer a child a diplomat ; North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Activité 6 • Les interjection et onomatopées
| a -aïe ! | 01 - ouch ! |
| b - hein ? | 06 - huh? |
| c - sensass ! | 02 ou 04 - phew ! ou whew ! |
| d - berk ! | 05 - yuck ! |
| e - ouf ! | 02 ou 04 - phew ! ou whew ! |
| f - pouah ! | 05 - yuck ! |
| g - ohé ! | 03 – yoo-hoo ! |
3. Maintenant, compétez les phrases avec l’interjection qui convient.
| a -moo ! | Cow |
| b -miaow ! | Cat |
| c- cock-a-doodle-doo | Cockerel / Rooster |
| d - baa ! | Sheep / Goat |
| e - woof, woof ! | Dog |
| f - hee-haw | Donkey |
| g - oink ! oink ! | Pig |
| h - cluck ! | Hen |
| i - quack, quack ! | Duck |
| j - tweet, tweet ! | Bird |
| k - buzz | Bee / Insect |
4. Associez les sons avec ce qui les produit.
| a- patter | rain falling |
| b- bang | 06 - a door closing |
| c - snap | 10 - a branch breaking |
| d - clap | 11 - hands |
| e - crash | 04 - something heavy falling |
| f - ha, ha, ha ! | 01 - someone laughing |
| g - clip clop | 09 - a horse |
| h - gulp ! | 05 - someone swallowing |
| i - rat-a-tat-tat | 08 - a machine gun |
| j- creak | 07 - a door closing |
| k - whoosh ! | 02 - a car going very fast |